# Effect of Environmental Factors on Bone Remodelling: A Narrative Review

## TL;DR

This review explores how environmental factors like activity, diet, and pollution influence bone health and remodelling.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive overview of environmental influences on bone remodelling and their therapeutic implications.

## Key findings

- Physical activity and nutrition significantly impact bone remodelling processes.
- Pollution and medications can disrupt bone health through various pathways.
- Environmental stressors alter osteoblast and osteoclast activity, leading to bone diseases.

## Abstract

Bone remodelling is a finely balanced process primarily maintained by two fundamental cell types: osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors can affect this process leading to pathological conditions such as osteoporosis. This narrative review focuses on some of the key environmental factors affecting bone remodelling including physical activity, lifestyle factors, nutrition, pollution, medications, and environmental stressors. We will attempt to identify some of the key pathways affected, and how this impacts bone health, whilst using this knowledge to look at possible therapeutic options.