# Targeted Metabolomics of Tityus Scorpion Venoms: Unveiling Small-Molecule Components

## TL;DR

This study identifies small-molecule components in scorpion venoms that may play roles in prey capture and defense.

## Contribution

A targeted metabolomic approach was used to identify 45 low molecular weight compounds in Tityus scorpion venoms.

## Key findings

- 45 compounds were reliably identified, including amino acids, organic acids, biogenic amines, and alkaloids.
- Most compounds are neurotransmitters or neurotoxins, potentially aiding in prey paralysis and predator defense.
- Some compounds may disrupt homeostasis or influence venom diffusion in victims.

## Abstract

Scorpion
venoms consist of proteins, peptides, and various low
molecular weight (LMW) organic compounds, which act as toxins. Despite
their potential significance, these compounds in scorpion venoms have
been little investigated and their full range has not been well characterized.
In this work, a targeted metabolomic approach was used in combination
with an HPLC-QTOF-MS methodology to create a library of 55 LMW standard
compounds, for the analysis of venoms from three Tityus species scorpions. This strategy enabled reliable identification
of 45 compounds, including 20 amino acids, 4 organic acids, 12 biogenic
amines, 6 nitrogenated bases and derivatives, 2 β-carboline-derived
alkaloids, and 1 amphetamine. Most of the compounds identified were
neurotransmitters and/or neurotoxins, while others can act as homeostasis
disruptors or affect the diffusion of venom through the bodies of
victims. Therefore, the LMW organic compounds in scorpion venoms play
roles in the killing or paralyzing of prey, as well as in defense
against large predators.