# Kinetic Investigation by Batch Processing of Film Growth during the Electrodeposition of Titanium from Ethaline

## TL;DR

This paper shows that titanium can be electrodeposited from ethaline, and that temperature affects the deposition process and film quality.

## Contribution

The study demonstrates feasible titanium electrodeposition from ethaline and reveals temperature-dependent changes in deposition kinetics.

## Key findings

- Titanium electrodeposition is possible from ethaline, a deep eutectic solvent.
- Elevated temperatures facilitate the reduction of Ti4+ to lower oxidation states.
- Above 50°C, intermediary ions from the polyol process significantly influence deposition kinetics.

## Abstract

Titanium electrodeposition as a technological advance has been out of reach due to the poor film quality obtained when using previously developed methods. This study shows that the electrodeposition of Ti is possible and feasible from the deep eutectic solvent ethaline. Moreover, this study shows through batch analysis that this deposition has temperature‐dependent aspects that alter the film deposition kinetics upon modest heating. This ultraviolet–visible spectroscopic study is highlighting the more facile reduction of Ti4+ to Ti3+ and then to Ti2+ at elevated temperatures. Understanding the underlying kinetics of electrodeposition opens up new venues for the application of this important metal.

The electrodeposition of titanium in ethaline appears to proceed according to established kinetics in prior literature except above 50 C, where the production of intermediary ions from the polyol process begins to play a large role in the deposition kinetics.© 2025 WILEY‐VCH GmbH