# pH–Dependent Luminescence of Self–Assembly Tb3+ Complexes with Photosensitizing Units

## TL;DR

A new Tb3+ complex with photosensitizing units shows pH-dependent luminescence in water, making it useful for sensing in biological conditions.

## Contribution

The study introduces a Tb3+ complex with pyridyl groups that enable pH-dependent luminescence through self-assembly in aqueous media.

## Key findings

- The Tb3+ complex self-assembles into 40 nm nanoparticles in aqueous ethanol.
- The complex exhibits pH-dependent luminescence between pH 6.0 and 8.5 due to protonation of pyridyl groups.
- The pyridyl groups act as both photosensitizers and proton acceptors in the complex.

## Abstract

Luminescent metal complexes in aqueous solution have been attracting substantial interest as chemical and biological sensors. In this study, aiming to develop lanthanide complexes that exhibit bright luminescence in aqueous media, we designed and synthesized new amphiphilic ligands based on ethylenediamine with two aromatic groups and two cholesteryl groups, which act as photosensitizers and hydrophobic moieties, respectively. In particular, the Tb3+ complex of a pyridyl‐substituted ligand showed an intense green emission that stems from the efficient energy transfer from the excited pyridyl groups to the Tb center in ethanol. In aqueous media, the Tb3+ complexes self‐assembled into nanoparticles with diameters of around 40 nm, which show pH–dependent luminescence in the pH range of 6.0–8.5 ascribable to protonation of the coordinated pyridyl groups. These findings demonstrate the potential of aggregates of photosensitized lanthanide complexes as sensors under weakly alkaline conditions.

An amphiphilic lanthanide complex with photosensitizer units forms stable self‐assemblies in aqueous ethanol (20 wt.% EtOH). The pyridyl group effectively works as both a photoantenna and a proton acceptor. Self‐assemblies of the Tb3+ complex exhibit pH–dependent luminescence under weakly basic conditions, rendering it promising for biological applications.