# National Early Warning Score for Predicting Clinical Outcome of Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Intermediate–High Risk Patients

## TL;DR

The study shows that the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) can help identify high-risk acute pulmonary embolism patients who may need closer monitoring.

## Contribution

The study evaluates the use of NEWS in predicting adverse outcomes in intermediate–high risk pulmonary embolism patients, a novel application of this score.

## Key findings

- An elevated NEWS at admission was associated with a 13% risk of adverse outcomes compared to 2% for non-elevated scores.
- NEWS demonstrated a sensitivity of 88% and a high negative predictive value of 98% in predicting adverse outcomes.
- Using NEWS may improve risk stratification and guide monitoring decisions for intermediate–high risk pulmonary embolism patients.

## Abstract

Although the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) predicts mortality in acute pulmonary embolism (PE), it may overtriage the level of clinical monitoring needed. The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) is used to triage level of care in many diseases, but it is rarely reported in PE literature.

In this retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study of consecutive adults with acute PE, between 2017 and 2020, we aim to assess the association between NEWS and the risk of hemodynamic (HD) deterioration or PE-related death in intermediate–high risk PE patients. The NEWS at admission and after 24 hours were determined. A baseline NEWS of ≥5 or the maximum score of a single parameter was considered an indication of high risk of our primary outcome (hemodynamic deterioration and/or PE-related mortality).

ESC classified 99 of 318 patients with PE as intermediate–high risk; 8 patients (8%) met the primary outcome. A total of 52 (52%) patients had an elevated NEWS and 7 of these met the primary outcome (13%), while only 1 patient with a non-elevated NEWS (2.0%) met the primary outcome (negative predictive value of 98%; 95% CI 90–98%). Sensitivity of elevated NEWS in patients with intermediate–high risk was 88% (95% CI 74–90%) and the specificity was 51% (95% CI 41–61%).

Using NEWS in intermediate–high risk, acute PE patients may improve accuracy in identifying patients with a higher risk of adverse outcomes and may guide the decision to monitor a patient in a high-care department, especially in patients with intermediate–high risk PE.