# Novel pyrazolone–thiophene Schiff base functionalized Fe3O4 nanocomposite: core–shell structure and multi-technique characterization

## TL;DR

A new magnetic nanocomposite was created by functionalizing Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a pyrazolone–thiophene Schiff base, resulting in a stable hybrid material.

## Contribution

The novel synthesis of a Fe3O4@PyTh nanocomposite with a functionalized organic shell is presented.

## Key findings

- The nanocomposite was successfully characterized using multiple techniques confirming ligand attachment and structural stability.
- The organic shell increased nanoparticle size from 7.5 to 9.1 nm as observed via TEM analysis.
- EDX mapping confirmed the presence of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon, indicating effective functionalization.

## Abstract

This work reports the synthesis and structural characterization of a new magnetic nanocomposite, Fe3O4@PyTh, created by forming a surface-functionalized magnetic nanocomposite with a pyrazolone–thiophene Schiff base (PyTh). The ligand was produced via a one-pot condensation reaction and attached as a shell on the Fe3O4 core, forming an organic–inorganic hybrid interface. Comprehensive characterization using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) confirmed successful ligand attachment, the preservation of the cubic spinel Fe3O4 core, and the formation of a uniform organic shell. TEM analysis showed an increase in size from 7.5 to 9.1 nm after PyTh modification, while EDX mapping confirmed the presence of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon, indicating effective functionalization. This study highlights the structural stability and hybrid nature of the Fe3O4@PyTh surface-functionalized magnetic nanocomposite, offering experimental structural insights into Schiff base functionalization as an adaptable route for designing advanced magnetic hybrid materials.

This work reports the synthesis and structural characterization of a new magnetic nanocomposite, Fe3O4@PyTh, created by forming a surface-functionalized magnetic nanocomposite with a pyrazolone–thiophene Schiff base (PyTh).