# Golem: a flexible and efficient solver for constrained Horn clauses

**Authors:** Martin Blicha, Konstantin Britikov, Natasha Sharygina

PMC · DOI: 10.1007/s10703-025-00470-9 · Formal Methods in System Design · 2025-03-26

## TL;DR

Golem is a new tool that efficiently solves logical problems used in program verification.

## Contribution

Golem introduces a flexible and efficient CHC solver with a novel model-checking algorithm called TPA.

## Key findings

- Golem integrates tightly with SMT solvers for improved efficiency.
- The TPA algorithm enables deep exploration in solving CHCs.
- Extensive evaluation shows Golem is competitive with existing solvers.

## Abstract

The logical framework of Constrained Horn Clauses (CHC) models verification tasks from a variety of domains, ranging from verification of safety properties in transition systems to modular verification of programs with procedures. In this work we present Golem, a flexible and efficient solver for satisfiability of CHCs over linear real and integer arithmetic. Golem provides flexibility with modular architecture and multiple back-end model-checking algorithms, as well as efficiency with tight integration with the underlying SMT solver. This paper describes the architecture of Golem and its back-end engines, which include our recently introduced model-checking algorithm TPA for deep exploration. The description is complemented by extensive evaluation, demonstrating the competitive nature of the solver.

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** CLTC (clathrin heavy chain) [NCBI Gene 1213] {aka CHC, CHC17, CLH-17, CLTCL2, Hc, MRD56}, RBPJP4 (RBPJ pseudogene 4) [NCBI Gene 58163] {aka K7, RBPSUHP4}
- **Diseases:** TS (MESH:D005879)
- **Chemicals:** Golem (-), COMP (MESH:C037238)

## Full text

_Full body text omitted from this summary view._ Fetch the complete paper as Markdown: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12592260/full.md

## Figures

4 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12592260/full.md

## References

7 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12592260/full.md

---
Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12592260