# Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications of Royal Jelly for Ocular Surface Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

## TL;DR

This review explores how royal jelly, a substance made by bees, may help treat eye surface diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of royal jelly's pharmaceutical applications for ocular surface diseases and formulation strategies.

## Key findings

- Royal jelly shows potential in restoring tear secretion and treating dry eye disease.
- Its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties make it a promising complementary therapy for ocular surface diseases.
- More clinical trials are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of royal jelly in treating these conditions.

## Abstract

Ocular surface diseases (OSDs) are conditions that affect the eye's surface layers, including the cornea, conjunctiva, and glandular network, causing discomfort, visual disturbances, and tear film instability. OSDs include dry eye disease (DED), blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction, keratitis, conjunctivitis, and related disorders. These diseases represent a leading cause of ocular morbidity and are often accompanied by chronic inflammation, irritation, redness, and pain. Royal Jelly (RJ), a substance produced by worker bees, has been widely studied in ophthalmology for its therapeutic properties, including its ability to restore tear secretion, treat glaucoma and DED, and inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RJ is rich in proteins, fatty acids, and phenolic compounds, which contribute to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, vasodilatory, antitumor, and cholesterol-lowering properties. This review examines the pharmacological benefits of RJ, strategies to optimize its formulation, and methods for developing eye drop formulations—such as microemulsions and eye gels—for the treatment of OSDs. The literature supports RJ as a complementary therapy for OSDs due to its reported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Although preliminary studies are promising, more extensive clinical trials are required to establish standardized treatment protocols and confirm the efficacy and safety of RJ. The therapeutic potential of RJ components lies in their immunomodulatory properties, making them a compelling option for the treatment of OSDs. Further research is necessary to clarify their role in ocular regenerative medicine and expand their applications in clinical practice.