# Adverse childhood experiences and their impact on primary headache patients: a cross-sectional study

## TL;DR

This study shows that many people with primary headaches have experienced childhood trauma, suggesting a link between early life stress and headache disorders.

## Contribution

The study is the first to estimate ACE prevalence in primary headache patients and identify associated factors in a Colombian population.

## Key findings

- 77.54% of primary headache patients reported experiencing at least one ACE.
- Women were more likely to report ACEs compared to men.
- Severe disability was associated with a lower likelihood of reporting severe ACEs.

## Abstract

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), including abuse and household dysfunction, can have lasting effects on development and health, increasing risks for chronic diseases and mental health issues.

to estimate the prevalence of ACEs in this population and to determine the factors associated with these experiences.

A cross-sectional study was conducted at a Colombian high-complexity institution, including adults with primary headaches according to ICHD-3 criteria. Statistical analysis involved bivariate comparisons and multivariate logistic regression, with goodness-of-fit assessed using the Hosmer and Lemeshow test. All analyses were performed using Stata 16.

138 patients with primary headaches were included, 77.54% reported experiencing some form of ACEs, with 34.06% having scores of 4 or higher. Physical abuse was the most common ACE (9.13%). Women had a higher probability of reporting ACEs (OR: 8.613, 95% CI: 1.006-73.776, p = 0.049). Those with severe disability (MIDAS score) were less likely to report severe ACEs (OR: 0.293, 95% CI: 0.096-0.899, p = 0.032).

This study demonstrates a strong relationship between adverse childhood experiences and primary headaches, highlighting the need to incorporate childhood trauma assessment into neurological practice.