# Impact of high-energy photon irradiation on early-stage dissolution of EAF slag and brownmillerite

## TL;DR

This study shows that high-energy photon irradiation increases the early-stage dissolution of steel slag and brownmillerite minerals.

## Contribution

The novel finding is that HEPI induces microcracks, enhancing dissolution of EAF slag and brownmillerite without structural changes.

## Key findings

- HEPI exposure doubles the dissolution of Al and Ca in brownmillerite compared to untreated samples.
- EAF slag shows enhanced dissolution of Ca and Al after HEPI treatment.
- Microcracks observed via SEM are linked to increased dissolution rates.

## Abstract

The influence of external conditions on the dissolution of minerals within inorganic sidestreams, such as steel slags, is a critical factor when considering their utilization pathways. This study addresses the aqueous dissolution characteristics of electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) and one of its main crystal phases – brownmillerite (BM), and delves into the impact of high energy photon irradiation (HEPI). The untreated forms of EAFS and BM were exposed to HEPIs using Cs-137 isotope (0.662 MeV, 250 Gy) and medical linear accelerator (10 MeV, 52 kGy) for 72 h and 16 h, respectively. The impact of HEPIs on dissolution was quantified based on batch dissolution experiments in water under ambient conditions with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:100 g/mL. Afterward, a systematic characterization series is conducted to understand structural changes, surface alteration, and solution chemistry in EAFS and BM samples. XRD and FTIR analysis reveal that exposure to different HEPIs caused almost no structural changes in both powders. In contrast, SEM analysis shows that HEPIs led to prominent microcracks on BM’s surface, with slight variations on EAFS. The extent of dissolution for Al and Ca ranges from 5% to 10% and 3% to 5% over time for the untreated BM, respectively, and these values are, at least, doubled when HEPIs is applied. For the case of EAFS, similar enhancements via HEPIs are achieved compared to its untreated form, but with higher Ca and Al extents. The enhancement in dissolution is associated with the micro-cracks, as evidenced by SEM analysis. To conclude, HEPIs can affect the early-stage dissolution properties of EAFS and BM to a certain degree, and more elements can be released if a high-energy photon dose is applied.