# Advancing gender equity in gynecology and obstetrics: perspectives from the German workforce

## TL;DR

This study examines why women in Germany are underrepresented in leadership roles in gynecology and obstetrics despite being a majority in the field.

## Contribution

The study provides insights into structural and cultural barriers affecting gender equity in German gynecology and obstetrics.

## Key findings

- Women make up 73% of gynecologists but only 26% of department heads.
- Women dominate early-career positions but are underrepresented in academic awards and leadership.
- Female representation in DGGG is high, but men still dominate executive roles and major awards.

## Abstract

Despite the high proportion of women in medical education and clinical training, female physicians remain underrepresented in leadership and academic positions in Gynecology and Obstetrics in Germany. This study investigates structural and cultural factors contributing to this disparity and highlights trends in workforce composition and recognition in the field.

We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional analysis using publicly available data from the German Federal Statistical Office and the German Medical Association (2004–2024), as well as database from the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG).

In 2023, women comprised 73% of gynecologists in Germany. Female representation declined with advancing career stage. In 2024, 82% of resident physicians at German university hospitals were women, while they held 26% of department head positions in Gynecology and Obstetrics. Female membership in the DGGG reached 75%, with 40% on the executive board. In 2022, 65% of major awards went to men, while women received most poster and lecture prizes (61%) at the biannual conference.

While gender diversity in the clinical workforce has improved, systemic inequities persist in academic and leadership domains. Addressing these requires structural reforms, increased transparency in recruitment and promotion processes, and targeted programs supporting women’s professional advancement. Enhanced visibility, mentorship, and inclusive institutional policies are essential to ensure gender-equitable development in the specialty.