# Integrating planetary health into medical training: Defining physicians’ roles in Malawi

## TL;DR

This study explores how doctors in Malawi can help with planetary health and what medical students need to learn about it.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific roles for physicians and learning priorities for medical students in planetary health within low-income settings.

## Key findings

- Physicians in LMICs have four key roles in planetary health: healthcare provider, hospital manager, community manager, and advocate.
- Most students supported including planetary health in the medical curriculum despite limited prior knowledge.
- Priority topics for teaching include extreme weather, non-communicable diseases, vector-borne diseases, and mental health.

## Abstract

Planetary health (PH) is an emerging field gaining attention in medical education. However, the specific roles of physicians in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in addressing PH issues are not well defined.

This study aims to identify the potential roles of physicians in PH in LMICs in order to design specific teaching content for medical doctors in these regions. Moreover, this study aims to explore student baseline knowledge and student learning priorities in LMIC settings to further tailor content of teaching material within the medical curriculum.

This study was conducted in Mangochi District in Malawi, a LMIC.

A cross-sectional convergent mixed methods study design, including seven in-depth interviews with district stakeholders and two focus group discussions (FGDs) with medical students explored the roles of medical doctors in PH. A survey assessed students’ baseline knowledge and learning needs.

Four main roles of physicians in LMICs within PH were identified: healthcare provider, hospital manager, community manager and advocate. While 61% of the students had never heard of PH, 82% supported its inclusion in the curriculum. Priority areas to be included in the curriculum were extreme weather events, links between PH and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), vector-borne diseases and mental health.

Stakeholders identified essential roles for physicians to address challenges in relation to PH.

Key roles of physicians within planetary health, and medical students’ learning priorities were identified, and could aid in designing teaching material for medical students in LMICs.