# Anaemia in pregnancy: A survey of prevalence and associated factors in Vhembe District, South Africa

## TL;DR

This study found that 32.2% of pregnant women in South Africa's Vhembe District had anemia, with food insecurity being a major contributing factor.

## Contribution

The study highlights food insecurity as a key factor in anemia during pregnancy in the Vhembe District.

## Key findings

- The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy was 32.2%, with most cases being mild.
- Majority of pregnant women with anemia reported food insecurity.
- High adherence to iron and folic acid supplements was observed despite frequent stockouts.

## Abstract

Anaemia in pregnancy often reflects inadequate nutrition and is linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy and the related contributing factors in the Vhembe District.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among women attending antenatal services from April to June 2021. A total of 419 pregnant women were sampled, with data gathered from their maternity case files and a short questionnaire on medication use.

The prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy in Vhembe District was 32.2%. Of those with anaemia, 58.7% were mild, 38.4% were moderate and 2.9% were severe. Adherence to prescribed oral supplements was 96.5% for iron and 97.3% for folic acid. Reported stock out for iron and folic acid supplements was 27.2% and 30.5% respectively. The mean age of the sample was 26.7 years (SD6.2) while the median gestational age was 30 weeks (IQR 21 to 38). The median gestational age at booking was 16 weeks (IQR 10 to 21) and median parity was one child (IQR 0 to 2). Majority of pregnant women with anaemia had food insecurity.

The prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy in the Vhembe District represents a moderate public health concern. This study adds to the expanding body of knowledge on maternal health by emphasizing food insecurity as a key contributing factor to anaemia in pregnancy.

The findings provide locally relevant data that can inform targeted interventions, including integrated food and nutrition support programs within antenatal care services.