# Reframing chronic wound therapy: from growth factor delivery to regenerative immuno-engineering

**Authors:** Zhiyong Wang, Xuan Zeng, Wenzhao Feng, Yanxin Lu, Pei Wei

PMC · DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1683591 · 2025-10-22

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** FGF2 (fibroblast growth factor 2) [NCBI Gene 2247] {aka BFGF, FGF-2, FGFB, HBGF-2}, MAPK1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 1) [NCBI Gene 5594] {aka ERK, ERK-2, ERK2, ERT1, MAPK2, NS13}, AKT1 (AKT serine/threonine kinase 1) [NCBI Gene 207] {aka AKT, PKB, PKB-ALPHA, PRKBA, RAC, RAC-ALPHA}, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) [NCBI Gene 7124] {aka DIF, IMD127, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, TNLG1F}, VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A) [NCBI Gene 7422] {aka L-VEGF, MVCD1, VEGF, VPF}, PTK2B (protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta) [NCBI Gene 2185] {aka CADTK, CAKB, FADK2, FAK2, PKB, PTK}, IL4 (interleukin 4) [NCBI Gene 3565] {aka BCGF-1, BCGF1, BSF-1, BSF1, IL-4}, PIK3CB (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta) [NCBI Gene 5291] {aka P110BETA, PI3K, PI3KBETA, PIK3C1}, HPSE (heparanase) [NCBI Gene 10855] {aka HPA, HPA1, HPR1, HPSE1, HSE1}
- **Diseases:** infection (MESH:D007239), immunological defect (MESH:D007154), diabetes (MESH:D003920), Inflammation (MESH:D007249), Chronic wounds (MESH:D014947), fibrosis (MESH:D005355), pain (MESH:D010146), metabolic dysregulation (MESH:D021081), immune dysregulation (OMIM:614878), NETs (MESH:C536657), depression (MESH:D003866)
- **Chemicals:** heparan sulfate (MESH:D006497), phosphate-buffered saline (-), heparin (MESH:D006493), ROS (MESH:D017382)
- **Species:** Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Figures

1 figure with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12586036/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12586036