# The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training and Mixed Probiotic Supplementation on SMOC-1 Gene Expression, Insulin Resistance, and Blood Glucose in Male Rats With Induced Diabetes

## TL;DR

This study found that combining high-intensity interval training and probiotics reduced insulin resistance and blood glucose in diabetic rats, but had no effect on SMOC-1 gene expression.

## Contribution

The novel finding is the synergistic effect of HIIT and probiotics on lowering insulin resistance and blood glucose in diabetic rats.

## Key findings

- SMOC-1 gene expression was not significantly affected by probiotics or HIIT.
- HIIT and probiotics together significantly reduced insulin resistance and blood glucose.
- No individual effect of probiotics or HIIT on SMOC-1 was observed.

## Abstract

In this study, we investigated whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and mixed probiotic consumption, either autonomously or synergistically, could regulate the expression of calcium-binding protein-1 (SMOC-1), insulin resistance (IR), and blood glucose (BG) in male rats with induced diabetes.

Thirty healthy male Wistar rats, aged about 8 weeks, were randomly divided into five groups of six rats each, including control group (C, 1G), diabetic control group (CD, 2G), probiotic supplement group (Pro, 3G), HIIT group (Ex, 4G), and HIIT and probiotic supplement group (Pro + Ex, 5G). Each strain of the mixed probiotic supplement, containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (PTCC1637), Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactococcus casei enriched with L-cysteine HCl, was administered at a concentration of 1010 colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter to Groups 3G and 5G. Groups 4G and 5G underwent HIIT to evaluate the effect of supplementation and HIIT on SMOC-1, IR, and BG.

Mixed probiotics and HIIT did not affect SMOC-1 expression in liver muscle (η2 = 0.00, p = 0.965, F(1, 15) = 0.002); however, they synergistically lowered IR (η2 = 0.23, p = 0.048, F(1, 15) = 4.65) and BG (η2 = 0.32, p = 0.013, F(1, 15) = 7.79).

We found no significant effect of mixed probiotic supplementation or its combination with HIIT on SMOC-1. Notably, the HIIT and mixed probiotics reduced IR and BG. Future studies can help assess the accurate synergistic effects of HIIT and mixed probiotics.