# Self-reported infertility and longitudinal measures of cardiovascular risk factors: The CARDIA study

## TL;DR

Women with a history of infertility tend to have higher cardiovascular risk factors, especially smoking, over their reproductive years.

## Contribution

This study identifies cigarette use as the strongest cardiovascular risk factor linked to self-reported infertility in a diverse cohort of women.

## Key findings

- Cigarette use was strongly associated with self-reported infertility (odds ratio 1.85).
- Higher BMI, glucose, and triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol were linked to infertility.
- Infertility histories correlate with adverse cardiovascular risk factors over time.

## Abstract

Previous reports have noted associations between infertility in women and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in later life. However, reports conflict regarding the associations between infertility and CVD risk factors. Using data from a population-based cohort of Black and White women, we examined the association between longitudinal assessments of CVD risk factors and infertility.

The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study is a prospective cohort of Black and White women who have undergone repeated assessment of CVD risk factors beginning at study baseline (1985–1986). Risk factors included cigarette smoking, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipid levels, glucose, and C-reactive protein. At approximately 40 years of age, an ancillary study assessed histories of infertility. We used generalized estimating equations with a logit link model to examine associations between infertility (dependent variable) and repeated CVD risk factors (independent variables), with adjustment for age, race, center, and education level in 1107 women.

Cigarette use and higher levels of BMI, glucose, and triglycerides and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) were associated with infertility after adjustment for age, race, and education. Cigarette use had the strongest associations with self-reported infertility in multivariable models (odds ratio 1.85, 95% confidence interval 1.64, 2.14).

Women with infertility histories have adverse CVD risk factors across the reproductive lifespan, but cigarette use is the primary CVD risk factor for women’s self-reported infertility.