# Blood transcriptomic profiling reveals gene expression alterations in patients with SFTS-associated encephalitis

## TL;DR

This study identifies immune-related gene changes in blood samples from SFTS patients with encephalitis, offering new insights into how the virus causes brain damage.

## Contribution

The study reveals six differentially expressed immune genes linked to SFTS-associated encephalitis, providing novel insights into its pathogenesis.

## Key findings

- Six immune-related genes (MET, KIT, IL1R2, MAFF, CD69, CEBPD) show altered expression in SFTS patients with encephalitis.
- Altered gene expression suggests a role for immune responses in SFTSV-induced brain injury.
- The findings offer potential targets for future diagnosis or treatment of SFTS-related encephalitis.

## Abstract

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), a life-threatening
tick-borne zoonosis caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
virus (SFTSV), frequently leads to fatal encephalitis characterized by
consciousness disorders and seizures. The molecular mechanisms governing
SFTSV neuroinvasion and host-driven neural injury remain largely elusive. To
explore the mechanisms of SFTS-induced brain damage, we analyzed clinical
laboratory parameters and conducted transcriptomic analyses of peripheral
blood mononuclear cells from five SFTS patients with encephalitis and five
non-encephalitis patients admitted to Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital during the
same period. Our findings indicate that central nervous system
manifestations in SFTSV infection are associated with altered expression of
immune-related genes. Specifically, we identified six differentially
expressed immune genes—MET, KIT, IL1R2, MAFF, CD69, and
CEBPD—between the encephalitis and non-encephalitis groups. This
study provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of SFTS-associated
encephalitis, and further investigation into the host immune response
post-SFTSV infection may aid in mitigating disease progression and improving
clinical outcomes.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a life-threatening
disease that can lead to encephalitis—a serious brain
inflammation with high mortality. However, the causes of this brain
damage remain largely unknown. In this study, we used advanced gene
sequencing techniques to analyze blood samples from SFTS patients with
and without encephalitis. Our results revealed key changes in
immune-related genes, uncovering possible biological pathways involved
in brain injury caused by the virus. These findings shed new light on
how the immune system may contribute to neurological complications in
SFTS and highlight specific genes that could serve as future targets for
diagnosis or treatment. This research enhances our understanding of
SFTS-related encephalitis and provides a valuable foundation for
developing therapies to improve patient outcomes.