# Effectiveness of Hypnobirthing, Music therapy and Combined Intervention in Reducing Low Back Pain Among Third-Trimester Pregnant Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study

## TL;DR

This study found that hypnobirthing, music therapy, and their combination effectively reduce low back pain in pregnant women during the third trimester, with the combined method showing the best results.

## Contribution

The study is the first to evaluate the combined effectiveness of hypnobirthing and music therapy for low back pain in Indonesian pregnant women.

## Key findings

- All intervention groups showed significant reduction in low back pain compared to the control group.
- The combined hypnobirthing and music therapy group had the greatest improvement in pain levels.
- Non-pharmacological methods are recommended for inclusion in routine antenatal care.

## Abstract

Low back pain (LBP) is a common complaint experienced by pregnant women, especially in the third trimester, which can interfere with daily activities, sleep quality, and readiness for labor. Nonpharmacological approaches such as music therapy and hypnobirthing are developing as alternatives that are considered safe, inexpensive, and minimal in side effects, but the effectiveness of the combination of the two methods has not been widely studied in the context of pregnancy in Indonesia

This quasi-experimental study aimed to examine the effectiveness of hypnobirthing, music therapy, and their combination in alleviating LBP among third-trimester pregnant women. A total of 200 participants were divided into four groups: hypnobirthing (n=50), music therapy (n=50), a combination group (n=50), and a control group receiving standard antenatal care (n=50). Pain levels were assessed before and after the intervention using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

The study showed a statistically significant reduction in LBP intensity in all the intervention groups compared to that in the control group (p < 0.001), with the combined intervention group demonstrating the greatest improvement. These findings suggest that both hypnobirthing and music therapy are effective in managing pregnancy-related LBP, and their combination may offer enhanced benefits for managing pregnancy-related
LBP.

This study supports the inclusion of non-pharmacological approaches in routine antenatal care to improve maternal comfort and well-being.