# Maximising pain services for frail older adults, the views of healthcare professionals and commissioners: findings from the pain in older people with frailty (POPPY) study

## TL;DR

This study explores how to improve pain management for frail older adults by understanding healthcare professionals' and commissioners' views on service delivery.

## Contribution

The study provides insights into how pain services can be adapted to better meet the needs of frail older adults through stakeholder perspectives.

## Key findings

- Older adults with frailty often have reduced engagement in pain services due to physical and social factors.
- Adapting service content and delivery is essential to better manage pain in this population.
- Healthcare professionals and commissioners identified opportunities to improve engagement and service responsiveness.

## Abstract

Chronic pain is common among older adults with frailty and its management often remains suboptimal, despite evidence for the benefits of biopsychosocial treatment approaches being found for other populations. The Pain in Older People with Frailty Study (POPPY) was a four-phase study that aimed to develop a service model for pain management for this population to enable them to better manage their pain and reduce its impact on their lives. The aim of Phase 3 of the POPPY study was to understand the views of those delivering and commissioning services relating to older adults’ engagement in services and how pain services could be maximised to meet their needs.

We used in-depth semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals (HCPs) and commissioners to explore: (1) perceptions of opportunities and barriers to including and managing older adults in pain services within different contexts, and (2) how to maximise support for this population in community, primary care, secondary care, and tertiary pain services. A thematic approach was used to analyse the data.

We recruited participants from 9 pain and 2 generic community services in the north, southeast and west of England. Services were in community, primary care, secondary care, and tertiary settings. We interviewed 42 HCPs including clinicians, psychologists, allied health professionals, nurses, social prescribers, service managers, and health/wellbeing coaches. We also interviewed 2 service commissioners. Most participants recognised that older adults living with frailty and pain often shared characteristics relating to their physical health, life experience and social circumstances which shaped their engagement in pain services. Generally, participants perceived there to be reduced engagement in pain services among older adults with frailty. Factors that were likely to improve the management of pain in the older population both within pain and non-pain services were also identified.

For pain services to meet the needs of older adults with frailty, it is essential for them to be responsive to the specific needs of this population, adapting both the content and delivery of interventions accordingly.

Research registry7169/ IRAS project ID: 310,174.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-025-06554-9.