# Extracellular vesicle-derived microRNAs in renal cell carcinoma: biological roles and clinical applications

## TL;DR

This review explores how microRNAs in extracellular vesicles contribute to kidney cancer and their potential for diagnosis and treatment.

## Contribution

The paper systematically reviews the biological roles and clinical potential of EV-derived miRNAs in renal cell carcinoma.

## Key findings

- EV-derived miRNAs play roles in tumor progression and drug resistance in RCC.
- These miRNAs show promise as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in kidney cancer.
- They may also help predict treatment response and guide immune regulation strategies.

## Abstract

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignant tumour of the urinary system, characterised by high heterogeneity and a tendency to metastasise, with poor prognosis in advanced patients. Although surgical resection and targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved survival outcomes in some patients, drug resistance and recurrence remain clinical challenges. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the microRNAs (miRNAs) they carry have emerged as a research hotspot due to their critical roles in tumour initiation, progression, immune regulation, and drug resistance. This systematic review summarises the biological functions of EVs-derived miRNAs in renal cell carcinoma and their potential applications in clinical diagnosis and treatment, with a focus on their value in diagnosis, prognosis, immune regulation, and prediction of treatment response.