# Enhancing Equity in Access and Quality of Youth Out-of-School-Time Recreational Activities: Perspectives from Primary Caregivers and Parents in Under-resourced Urban Communities Using Semi-structured Interviews

## TL;DR

This study explores how caregivers in under-resourced urban communities perceive barriers and opportunities for youth recreational activities, aiming to improve equity and quality.

## Contribution

The study provides new qualitative insights from caregivers in marginalized communities on factors influencing youth activity participation and offers actionable recommendations for improving access and quality.

## Key findings

- Caregivers are highly motivated to enroll children in activities for lifelong wellbeing but face barriers like lack of awareness and enrollment challenges.
- High-quality activities are defined by safety, inclusivity, and enjoyment, with recommendations for outreach, cost reduction, and staff training to improve access.
- Caregivers emphasized structural investments and family engagement as essential for equitable and effective youth programming.

## Abstract

Out-of-school-time recreational activities are linked to numerous socioemotional, health, and academic benefits for children. Racial and income disparities in participation persist, yet there is a lack of qualitative studies eliciting the experiences and input of primary caregivers to improve equitable access to high-quality recreational activities in marginalized communities. This study explores caregiver perceptions of the factors influencing motivations to enroll their child in activities, barriers to participation, how caregivers define quality programming, and caregiver recommendations to improve activity access and quality within under-resourced communities.

We recruited primary caregivers of children aged 6–17 from under-resourced communities in an urban county by purposive sampling through urban parks and recreation and community organizations. We conducted semi-structured interviews using descriptive methodology with content thematic analysis.

Thirty-four interviews (17 English, 17 Spanish) revealed three key themes: primary caregivers (1) were highly motivated, believing that activities were facilitators of lifelong healthy living and wellbeing for children, families, and communities, (2) identified ongoing participation barriers while recognizing opportunities to improve equitable access, (3) described high-quality activities as those promoting safety, inclusivity, and enjoyment. Parents highlighted strategies to promote equitable, high-quality programming, including broad outreach, easy enrollment with accessible activities, low financial barriers, structural investments, staff and volunteer training, and family engagement.

Organizations offering youth out-of-school-time activities should consider caregiver practical suggestions to potentially improve the uptake and equity of these programs, with the ultimate goal of supporting the well-being and healthy development of all children.

What is Known?

What this Study Adds?

Child participation in recreational activities is associated with numerous health benefits. However, racial and socioeconomic participation disparities persist. Prior caregiver surveys identified some access barriers (e.g., cost, transportation).

The study offers a thematic analysis of caregiver interviews from under-resourced, predominantly Black and Latinx communities. New underexplored motivating factors (child, family, and community wellbeing), barriers (lack of awareness, enrollment challenges), and caregiver perceptions of quality (safety, inclusivity, enjoyment) were identified. Caregivers suggested new outreach, enrollment, and cost reduction strategies and recommendations for structural investments, staff and volunteer training, and family engagement to optimize engagement and quality.