# Indonesian Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Sensory Processing Measure-2 (SPM-2) for Preschool Children: A Study Protocol

## TL;DR

This study outlines a protocol to translate and validate the Sensory Processing Measure-2 for Indonesian preschool children to assess sensory processing difficulties.

## Contribution

The study introduces a culturally adapted Indonesian version of the SPM-2 for preschoolers, addressing a gap in validated sensory processing assessment tools in Indonesia.

## Key findings

- A systematic translation and validation protocol for the Indonesian version of SPM-2 is being developed.
- Cognitive debriefing and content validity assessments will be conducted with parents, caregivers, and teachers.
- Psychometric properties will be evaluated using I-CVI, S-CVI, and Cronbach's alpha.

## Abstract

Sensory processing is foundational for learning and behaviors. Challenges in sensory processing can impair daily functioning; therefore, sensory processing disorder is frequently linked with neurodevelopmental disorders and other clinical conditions, though it can also occur independently. However, there is a lack of validated tools in Indonesia for assessing sensory processing difficulties. The Sensory Processing Measurement second edition (SPM-2) is available in English and other languages. To ensure its accuracy for the Indonesian-speaking population, a study was conducted to translate, validate, and ensure its reliability and cultural relevance in Indonesian. This study is aimed at translating and testing the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the SPM-2 for preschoolers.

A step-by-step approach will be conducted according to principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures from the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes (ISPOR). After obtaining permission from the publisher of the instrument, a sworn translator will conduct a forward translation. A native English translator will perform backward translation. Each of these translating processes will require harmonization to produce results involving a team of experts and the copyright owner. Cognitive debriefing will be conducted on parents/caregivers and teachers of 100 children ages 2–5 years. Content validity will be assessed by calculating the Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Scale-Content Validity Index (S-CVI). Moreover, reliability will be assessed using Cronbach's alpha. The result will be reviewed by the expert committee to finalize the translated document.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of instruments require a systematic approach to ensure their quality for research and clinical settings. Further study shall follow to test the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of SPM-2 before it is ready for use nationwide.