# Early bacterial communities in the lower airways and intestines of caesarean section neonates with respiratory disease

## TL;DR

This study examines the bacterial communities in the airways and intestines of newborns with respiratory disease, finding differences compared to healthy controls.

## Contribution

The study identifies distinct bacterial profiles in diseased neonates, particularly highlighting Alcaligenaceae_ge and Enterococcus in the gut.

## Key findings

- Diseased neonates showed distinct bacterial composition in feces and airway secretions compared to controls.
- Alcaligenaceae_ge was the most abundant genus in airway secretions of diseased neonates.
- Twins had more similar bacterial profiles than non-twin neonates.

## Abstract

Acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) are one of the most severe diseases affecting neonates worldwide. Many bacterial pathogens that cause respiratory infections in neonates are common residents in the respiratory tract. Therefore, the aim is to determine the early bacterial community in the lower airways and intestines of neonates.

Airway secretions, oral swabs, and fecal samples were collected from 19 neonates with acute respiratory tract infection and 2 control subjects. All three types of samples were amplified and sequenced using specific primer sets targeting the 16S rRNA gene.

Bacterial composition of the feces and airway secretions in the diseased neonates significantly differed from that of the neonates in the control group. The feces microbiota in the diseased neonates had accumulated Alcaligenaceae_ge and Enterococcus. The airway secretion microbiota of control and diseased neonates was mainly Alcaligenaceae_ge and Streptococcus, and Alcaligenaceae_ge was the most abundant genus in diseased neonates. In addition, the bacterial composition of the twins’ neonates samples was more similar than that of other neonates.

Insight into the source and stability of microbiota in the neonatal period might elucidate health or susceptibility for developing a respiratory disease. Microbiota analysis also promises to complement the present means of detecting respiratory pathogens.