This paper is marked retracted in the scholarly record (OpenAlex). Interpret its findings with caution.
RETRACTED: Argano et al. Protective Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on COVID-19-Related Intensive Care Hospitalization and Mortality: Definitive Evidence from Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16, 130
Christiano Argano, Raffaella Mallaci Bocchio, Giuseppe Natoli, Salvatore Scibetta, Marika Lo Monaco, Salvatore Corrao

Abstract
Genes, proteins, chemicals, diseases, species, mutations and cell lines named across the full text — each resolved to its canonical identifier and authoritative record.
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Taxonomy
TopicsVitamin D Research Studies · Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research · COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
The journal retracts the article “Protective Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on COVID-19-Related Intensive Care Hospitalization and Mortality: Definitive Evidence from Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis” [1], cited above.
Following publication, concerns were brought to the attention of the Editorial Office regarding methodology and the overall validity of the findings presented within this publication [1].
Adhering to our standard procedure, the Editorial Office and Editorial Board conducted an investigation, which confirmed that at least one included study is not a randomized clinical trial (RCT) yet was included in the analysis. Combining such studies could have led to biased conclusions. As a result, the Editorial Board and Editor-in-Chief have lost confidence in the reliability of the findings of this publication [1] and have decided to retract this paper as per MDPI’s retraction policy (https://www.mdpi.com/ethics#_bookmark30).
This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the Pharmaceuticals journal.
The authors disagree with this retraction.
The reference list from the paper itself. Each links out to its DOI / PubMed record.
- 1Argano C. Mallaci Bocchio R. Natoli G. Scibetta S. Lo Monaco M. Corrao S. RETRACTED: Protective Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on COVID-19-Related Intensive Care Hospitalization and Mortality: Definitive Evidence from Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis Pharmaceuticals 20231613010.3390/ph 1601013036678627 PMC 9864223 · doi ↗ · pubmed ↗
