# Concern about the possibility of becoming a victim of extortion: validation of a brief scale for Peruvian citizens

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a validated scale to measure concern about extortion among Peruvian citizens, addressing a gap in mental health assessment tools.

## Contribution

The study presents the first validated measurement tool for assessing concern about extortion victimization in Peru.

## Key findings

- The BECS scale demonstrated strong psychometric properties including content and construct validity.
- The scale showed excellent reliability and measurement invariance across sex.
- Confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional structure with high fit indices.

## Abstract

The phenomenon of extortion is generating serious repercussions on the mental health of the economically active population. In the absence of measurement instruments to quantify the magnitude of this problem, it becomes urgent to design a documentary measurement tool.

To design and validate a scale measuring concern about the possibility of becoming a victim of extortion.

The study is classified as instrumental. Using purposive non-probability sampling, participation was obtained from 2.049 citizens of both sexes across the three regions of Peru. The instrument was designed in 10 stages, following expert recommendations on the subject. The first version consisted of 11 items with five-point Likert-type response options. Analyses were conducted to demonstrate content validity, construct validity, convergent validity, measurement invariance, and reliability.

All items proved to be clear, relevant, and representative (V > 0.70). Exploratory factor analysis suggested an underlying structure composed of eight items (KMO = 0.91, Bartlett’s test = p ≤ 0.001), with factor loadings above the 0.40 cutoff (0.75 to 0.83). Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis corroborated this unidimensional structure (SRMR = 0.037, RMSEA = 0.074, CFI = 0.996, TLI = 0.994). In addition, the BECS was shown to be invariant across sex and exhibited significant correlations with other comparable scales, thus providing evidence of convergent validity. Finally, the instrument demonstrated excellent reliability (>0.90).

The BECS shows psychometric evidence supporting its validity and reliability. Therefore, it becomes the first measure available to assess concern about the possibility of becoming a victim of extortion.