# Towards synthetic catechol rich protein analogues through tyrosinase catalyzed activation of a tyrosine dipeptide in continuous mode

**Authors:** Stefan Reinicke, Verena Jentzen, Felix Panis, Matthias Pretzler, Keven Walter, Ulrich Glebe, Annette Rompel

PMC · DOI: 10.1039/d5cy00361j · 2025-10-22

## TL;DR

The paper proposes a green method to synthesize catechol-rich protein analogues using an enzyme in continuous mode.

## Contribution

A novel continuous biocatalytic route for synthesizing catechol-rich protein analogues using tyrosinase and a tyrosine dipeptide.

## Key findings

- Tyrosinase SinATyr was immobilized on silica microparticles for continuous synthesis.
- The dipeptide substrate showed lower enzyme affinity and slower conversion than l-tyrosine.
- Experimental validation confirmed the formation of desired TCC structures.

## Abstract

We present a perspective towards a green synthesis route for synthetic, catechol rich protein analogues (TCC). The method relies on the oxidation of a tyrosine dipeptide in continuous mode by the immobilized tyrosinase SinATyr followed by Michael addition of a dithiol. For the dipeptide substrate a kcat value of 0.16 s−1 and a Km value of 1.6 mM were determined meaning that its conversion is slower and the affinity towards the active center of the enzyme is lower compared to the standard substrate l-tyrosine (kcat = 5.6 s−1; Km = 0.24 mM). For the continuous operation mode SinATyr is immobilized on polyelectrolyte decorated silica microparticles with a k value of 0.11 s−1 (at 1 mM dipeptide substrate) after immobilization and finally experimental proof is given that the converted dipeptide in contact with the dithiol yields the desired TCC structures.

We present a perspective towards a green synthesis route for synthetic, catechol rich protein analogues (TCC) based via a biocatalytic activation of tyrosine dipeptides in continuous mode.

## Linked entities

- **Proteins:** LOC103429692 (polyphenol oxidase, chloroplastic-like)
- **Chemicals:** tyrosine (PubChem CID 1153), dipeptide (PubChem CID 24755478), dithiol (PubChem CID 10334), catechol (PubChem CID 289)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** TYR (tyrosinase) [NCBI Gene 7299] {aka ATN, CMM8, OCA1, OCA1A, OCAIA, SHEP3}
- **Chemicals:** l-tyrosine (MESH:D014443), SinATyr (-), polyelectrolyte (MESH:D000071228), silica (MESH:D012822), catechol (MESH:C034221), dithiol (MESH:C004848), dipeptide (MESH:D004151), TCC (MESH:C009540)

## Figures

7 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12573765/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12573765