# A database of traits for the ladybird species of the United Kingdom

## TL;DR

This paper creates a database of traits for UK ladybird species to support ecological research and conservation.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is a compiled database of traits, ecological preferences, and distribution metrics for 48 UK ladybird species.

## Key findings

- The database includes species traits, ecological preferences, and distribution metrics for 48 UK ladybird species.
- The dataset is based on published sources, a recent field guide, and biological records.
- The database supports conservation and ecological research on ladybirds.

## Abstract

Trait-based approaches have become common in ecological research as they can contribute to an understanding of ecosystem functioning and how species, communities and systems may respond to environmental change. However, trait datasets are difficult and time-consuming to compile and consequently not commonly available, particularly for insects. Ladybirds, beetles in the family Coccinellidae, are an important insect group that provide key ecosystem services, primarily through predation of pest insects such as aphids and coccids. Here, we have compiled information on species traits, ecological preferences and distribution metrics for 48 species considered resident in the United Kingdom (UK) (including the harlequin ladybird) using published sources, a recently published field guide, and biological records. Species traits may inform analyses useful for conservation purposes. This database provides researchers with access to the most up-to-date assessment of UK ladybird species, promoting research into this important insect group.