# Lipidomic Characterization of Muscle and Head of Litopenaeus vannamei Exposed to Lactococcus lactis D1813 at Varied Levels of Salinity and Dissolved Oxygen

## TL;DR

This study shows how a probiotic bacteria affects the lipid content and metabolism in shrimp under different water conditions, potentially improving their nutritional value and health benefits.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific lipidomic changes in shrimp exposed to Lactococcus lactis under varied salinity and oxygen levels, revealing novel probiotic benefits.

## Key findings

- Huang head group had the highest levels of glycerophospholipids and sterols.
- T3BS head group showed increased sphingolipids and saturated fatty acids.
- L. lactis D1813 enriched metabolic pathways related to lipid and fatty acid metabolism.

## Abstract

The present study examined the impacts of
Lactococcus lactis
D1813, salinity (8 and 25 ppt), and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations of 8.5 and 3.5 mg/L on
Litopenaeus vannamei
muscle and head lipidomic profile. The muscle and head were examined using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for lipidomic nutrient profiling. The lipidomic profiling revealed the primary nutritional metabolites in
L. vannamei
muscle and head, which are composed of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols, and saturated fatty acids. Huang head had the most glycerophospholipids and sterols, including PC (12:0/18:2), PC (18:0/20:4), PC (16:1/22:6), PC (10:1e/20:4), PC (33:0/18:2), Cer (d14:1/20:0), SM (t18:1/22:4), and SM (d18:0/16:1). Conversely, the T3BS head group had a much greater proportion of sphingolipids and saturated fatty acids, including Cer (d14:1/20:0), SM (t18:1/22:4), SM (d18:0/16:1), SM (d18:1/18:3), and butyric acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, arachidic acid, and lauric acid (p < 0.05). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated the significant enrichment of glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, linolenic acid metabolism, and alpha‐linolenic acid metabolism in T3BS muscle and head. The findings unequivocally demonstrate that the supplement of
L. lactis
D1813 under 25 ppt salinity and 3.5 mg/L DO levels significantly raises the content of sphingolipids and saturated fatty acids and enriches the metabolic pathways of linolenic acid and alpha‐linolenic acid in
L. vannamei
. The results indicated that
L. lactis
D1813 could be used as an effective probiotic to enhance shrimp tolerance and nutritional quality in aquaculture systems under environmental stress conditions. Also, a more desirable lipid profile renders them beneficial to human health, particularly cardiovascular health and brain function. Additional research can be done to assess the therapeutic advantages of
L. vannamei
‐derived lipids in humans regarding cardiovascular health, cancer, and brain functioning.

Lipidomic characterization of muscle and head of
L. vannamei
. Huang head group showed the highest abundance of glycerophospholipids and sterols. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed significant enrichment in glycerophospholipid, sphingolipids, glycerolipids, linolenic, and alpha‐linolenic acids metabolism in the T3BS muscle and head.