# The impact of sleep duration on the incidence of new-onset chronic kidney disease in community-dwelling adults: a nationwide cohort study

## TL;DR

This study finds that both too little and too much sleep are linked to a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease in middle-aged and elderly Koreans.

## Contribution

The study reveals a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and chronic kidney disease risk in a Korean population, with age and sex differences observed.

## Key findings

- Insufficient (<5h) and excessive (≥9h) sleep were associated with increased CKD risk compared to 7–8h sleep.
- The association was significant only in participants aged 40–64 years, not in those aged 65 and older.
- Adjusting for confounders confirmed a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and CKD incidence.

## Abstract

This research examined the association between sleep duration and new-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) among community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly individuals in Korea.

This prospective cohort study utilized data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) from 2001–2002 (baseline) to 2019–2020 (tenth follow-up visit). New-onset CKD was the primary outcome, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or the proteinuria. Study populations were classified into six self-reported sleep length categories: <5h, 5h ≤ to <6h, 6h ≤ to <7h, 7h ≤ to ≤8h, 8h < to <9h, and 9h/day ≤. Cox proportional hazards models were used to ascertain the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CKD incidence across these categories.

Over a median follow-up duration of 17.41 years, CKD was identified in 551 (14.4%) of 3835 participants (mean age 48.7 ± 7.5 years). After adjusting for confounding variables, a U-shaped relationship between sleep lengths and CKD was identified. Participants with insufficient (<5h) and excessive (9h ≤) sleep length exhibited HRs for CKD incidence of 1.44 (1.09–1.89) and 1.85 (1.04–3.27), respectively, compared to individuals with normal sleep length (7h ≤ to ≤8h). Age and sex differences were observed in the association between sleep length and CKD incidence. The association between sleep duration and new-onset CKD was significant only in participants aged 40 to 64 years, with no significant association observed in individuals aged 65 years and older.

This research identified a relationship between the amount of sleep and CKD in Korean adults. Maintaining an appropriate sleep duration of 7–8 h/day is important for preventing new-onset CKD.

The association between sleep duration and new-onset CKD in the Korean population is still unclear.Both insufficient and excessive sleep lengths were associated with a higher risk of incident CKD.Age and sex differences were observed in the association between sleep length and CKD incidence.

The association between sleep duration and new-onset CKD in the Korean population is still unclear.

Both insufficient and excessive sleep lengths were associated with a higher risk of incident CKD.

Age and sex differences were observed in the association between sleep length and CKD incidence.