# Determination of Laser-Induced Fluorescence Lifetimes Excited by Pulses of Comparable Duration

## TL;DR

The paper introduces a new method for measuring fluorescence lifetimes using a linearized rate equation approach, suitable for non-exponential decays in stand-off applications.

## Contribution

A novel analytical technique using a linearized rate equation approach for evaluating fluorescence lifetimes in non-exponential decay scenarios.

## Key findings

- Fluorescence lifetimes of organic powders were measured to be 3–5 ns.
- Phosphorescence lifetimes were found to be hundreds of nanoseconds.
- The method can determine the composition of mixed samples with multiple components.

## Abstract

This paper presents a novel analytical technique for evaluating fluorescence lifetimes excited by a nanosecond pulsed laser using a linearized rate equation approach that accounts for the incident pulse temporal distribution, an equivalent instrument response function, and non-exponential fluorescence decay which limits the application of traditional fluorescence lifetime techniques in stand-off applications. The approach is applied to model the fluorescence of a variety of pharmaceutical powders and phosphorescing samples exhibiting non-exponential decay and compared to results obtained with the maximum entropy method. Fluorescence lifetimes are found to be 3–5  ns, typical for organic fluorescent powders, and phosphorescence lifetimes were on the order of hundreds of nanoseconds. The approach also shows potential for determining the composition of mixed samples and can be readily extended to model increasingly complex scenarios with additional fluorescing or phosphorescing components.

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