# Liposomal Delivery of Allolobophora caliginosa Coelomic Fluid Attenuates Myocardial Infarction by Suppressing Oxidative Damage, Inflammation, and Apoptosis

## TL;DR

This study shows that liposomal delivery of a worm fluid helps reduce heart damage from heart attacks by fighting inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death.

## Contribution

The novel use of Allolobophora caliginosa coelomic fluid in liposomal form to treat myocardial infarction is demonstrated.

## Key findings

- Liposomal delivery of ACCF reduced myocardial markers like AST, LDH, and troponin-I in MI rats.
- ACCF-liposomes improved lipid metabolism and reduced oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation.
- Encapsulated ACCF lowered iNOS and Beclin-1 expression, indicating anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.

## Abstract

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a concerning coronary heart disease with increasing rates of death and morbidity worldwide. One potential approach to prevent MI involves exploring invertebrate supplements within the nanoliposome formulation to improve targeted delivery, thereby mitigating MI-induced heart damage. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective efficacy of liposomal delivery of Allolobophora caliginosa coelomic fluid (ACCF-liposomes) on adrenaline-induced MI in rats. Thirty male albino rats were allocated into five groups: Control, Untreated MI, MI-treated ACCF, MI-treated free liposomes, and MI-treated ACCF-liposomes. The treatment regimen spanned 21 days. Electrocardiography (ECG), biochemical, oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, electrolyte balance, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses, and DNA fragmentation were evaluated. Liposomal delivery of ACCF has shown promise in regulating ECG criteria and reducing myocardial markers, particularly AST, LDH, MMP-2, creatine kinase, and troponin-I. It also improves lipid metabolism and inhibits myocardial oxidative stress. Additionally, ACCF and ACCF-liposomes treatment improves cardiomyocyte architecture and reduces DNA fragmentation in myocardial infarcted rats. Furthermore, encapsulating ACCF within liposomes statistically reduced the expression of iNOS and Beclin-1 in cardiac tissue. This suggests that liposomal delivery of ACCF enhances its effectiveness in treating myocardial infarction, potentially via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic attributes.