# PINGing Sunshine: A Review of the Evidence for Adding Non‐Filtering Photoprotective Ingredients to Sunscreens

## TL;DR

This paper reviews evidence for adding non-filtering ingredients to sunscreens to enhance skin protection against sunlight beyond traditional UV filters.

## Contribution

The paper provides a novel evidence-based classification and evaluation of photoprotective ingredients for inclusion in next-generation sunscreens.

## Key findings

- Top-ranked PINGs like L-ascorbic acid and tocopherol enhance protection against UVR and IR-A-induced oxidative stress.
- DNA repair enzymes such as photolyase reduce pyrimidine dimers and support immune function.
- Nicotinamide prevents UV-induced immunosuppression and improves DNA repair.

## Abstract

Photoprotective INGredients (PINGs) are non‐filtering agents that enhance the skin's intrinsic defenses against solar radiation. Acting through antioxidant, DNA repair, immunomodulatory, anti‐inflammatory, and pigmentation‐regulating mechanisms, PINGs may prevent or repair photodamage. When incorporated into sunscreens, they offer protection beyond ultraviolet (UV) filters. This strategy of biological photoprotection could address key limitations of traditional sunscreens and reduce dependence on high UV filter concentrations.

We conducted a focused literature review based on our prior evidence‐based classification of over 1700 topical PINGs. We selected ingredients with the strongest clinical and mechanistic support and assessed their biological activity, formulation compatibility, and relevance to key endpoints such as erythema, pigmentation, photoaging, and immunosuppression.

Top‐ranked PINGs, including L‐ascorbic acid, tocopherol, photolyase, and nicotinamide, demonstrated efficacy across multiple photodamage endpoints. Antioxidants like L‐ascorbic acid and tocopherol enhanced protection against UVR and IR‐A‐induced oxidative stress. DNA repair enzymes, such as photolyase, reduced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation and supported immune function. Nicotinamide improved DNA repair and prevented UV‐induced immunosuppression. Pigmentation modulators such as p‐coumaric acid and isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol showed benefits in darker phototypes.

Fewer than 2% of candidate PINGs are clinically validated, and only 18 are approved for use in sunscreens. Protection against visible and infrared radiation remains largely underexplored. Standardized testing and additional clinical trials are needed to advance PINGs as effective components of next‐generation sunscreens.