# Development and in-vitro validation of an intraoral wearable biofeedback system for bruxism management

## TL;DR

Researchers developed a wearable intraoral device with biosensors to detect bruxism, achieving high accuracy in a lab setting.

## Contribution

A novel intraoral biosensor system for bruxism detection was developed and validated in vitro with high accuracy.

## Key findings

- The biosensor prototype reliably detected occlusal forces between 274–700 N.
- The system achieved 91% accuracy, 88% sensitivity, and 90% specificity in distinguishing force thresholds.
- The study confirmed the feasibility of using biosensors in intraoral appliances for bruxism detection.

## Abstract

Bruxism remains a diagnostic challenge, with no consistently reliable clinical approaches available to document the condition with satisfactory accuracy. This study aimed to incorporate a biosensor device into a conventional bite-night guard to detect bruxism in an in vitro setting.

A sandwich-layering process was used to integrate stress and vibration sensors into an acrylic occlusal stabilization splint. The system included a microcontroller, control unit, and data acquisition module. Occlusal force signals were processed using artificial intelligence-based algorithms. A total of 200 repeated trials were conducted to evaluate system performance. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated as validation metrics.

The biosensor prototype demonstrated reliable performance across a force range of 274–700 N. Quantitative evaluation of the neural network yielded an accuracy of 91%, sensitivity of 88%, and specificity of 90% in distinguishing occlusal force thresholds.

The findings confirm the feasibility of integrating biosensors within an intraoral appliance for bruxism detection in vitro. Future research should explore long-term durability testing in moist environments and conduct in vivo trials to validate clinical performance.