# Epidemiology and Risks Survey of Onchocerca volvulus Infection in Igbo-Eze North Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria

## TL;DR

A survey in Nigeria found a low prevalence of onchocerciasis, with risks linked to occupation and proximity to water bodies.

## Contribution

This study identifies environmental and occupational risk factors for onchocerciasis in a Nigerian community.

## Key findings

- The overall prevalence of onchocerciasis was 3.5% among 201 residents.
- Farmers and fishermen had a significantly higher prevalence of onchocerciasis.
- Proximity of water bodies to homes was a significant risk factor.

## Abstract

Background: An epidemiological survey of Onchocerca volvulus infection and onchocerciasis in Igbo-Eze North Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria, was undertaken to assess its distribution and risks among individuals in the area. Methods: A total of 201 residents who have lived in the study area for at least one year were recruited. At recruitment, they were examined using a rapid assessment method. Their demographic information and risk factors were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Results: The overall prevalence for onchocerciasis was 3.5% (7/201). The prevalence of onchocerciasis was observed to be non-significantly (p = 0.689) different among the studied communities. The sex and age-related prevalence differences were non-significant (p > 0.05); however, onchocerciasis was more prevalent among males and those between 30 and 39 years of age. The prevalence of onchocerciasis was higher (p = 0.001) among farmers/fishermen. The significant risk associated with onchocerciasis is the proximity of the water body to houses (p = 0.034). Conclusions: The onchocerciasis prevalence was low and not dependent on sex or age but rather occupation. Risks to onchocerciasis are environmental and occupational, with chances of scaled up prevalence and burden overtime if unchecked. There is a need for awareness campaigning to enable proper education of the people about onchocerciasis in the area and neighboring communities.