# Enhancing Cyber Situational Awareness Through Dynamic Adaptive Symbology: The DASS Framework

**Authors:** Nicholas Macrino, Sergio Pallas Enguita, Chung-Hao Chen

PMC · DOI: 10.3390/s25206300 · Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025-10-11

## TL;DR

This paper introduces DASS, a dynamic symbol system that improves real-time threat detection and response in cybersecurity operations.

## Contribution

The DASS framework dynamically adapts symbology using machine learning to enhance cyber situational awareness.

## Key findings

- DASS improves threat identification rates by 30% compared to traditional methods.
- Response times are reduced by 25% with the DASS framework.
- The system achieves 90% accuracy in symbol interpretation by cybersecurity professionals.

## Abstract

The static nature of traditional military symbology, such as MIL-STD-2525D, hinders effective real-time threat detection and response in modern cybersecurity operations. This research introduces the Dynamic Adaptive Symbol System (DASS), a novel framework enhancing cyber situational awareness in military and enterprise environments. The DASS addresses static symbology limitations by employing a modular Python 3.10 architecture that uses machine learning-driven threat detection to dynamically adapt symbol visualization based on threat severity and context. Empirical testing assessed the DASS against a MIL-STD-2525D baseline using active cybersecurity professionals. Results show that the DASS significantly improves threat identification rates by 30% and reduces response times by 25%, while achieving 90% accuracy in symbol interpretation. Although the current implementation focuses on virus-based scenarios, the DASS successfully prioritizes critical threats and reduces operator cognitive load.

## Full-text entities

- **Diseases:** CSA (MESH:D013575), infection (MESH:D007239), injury to (MESH:D014947), cognitive overload (MESH:D003072), flood (MESH:C565009), virus infection (MESH:D014777)
- **Chemicals:** MIL-STD-2525D (-)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Full text

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## Figures

8 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12567936/full.md

## References

24 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12567936/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12567936