# Design and Optimization of a Hybrid Design for Quantum Transduction

## TL;DR

This paper describes a new quantum transducer design that efficiently converts microwave and optical signals at ultra-low temperatures.

## Contribution

The novel hybrid architecture integrates an SRF cavity with an electro-optic cavity for improved thermal and mechanical performance.

## Key findings

- The selected design reduces sensitivity to fabrication tolerances and improves heat dissipation.
- Uniform temperature distribution allows higher laser pump powers and increased conversion efficiency.
- Electromagnetic simulations confirm enhanced coupling and broader tuning with smaller tuner displacements.

## Abstract

This study presents the mechanical design and analysis of a quantum electro-optical transducer engineered to operate at millikelvin temperatures within a dilution refrigerator. The transducer enables bidirectional microwave-optical frequency conversion through a hybrid architecture that integrates a superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavity with an electro-optic optical cavity. Among several design options investigated, the configuration offering the best thermal and mechanical performance was selected, yielding a robust solution with reduced sensitivity to fabrication tolerances, improved heat dissipation, as well as alignment precision. The design ensures uniform temperature distribution, enabling higher laser pump powers and, thus, increased conversion efficiency, while maintaining mechanical stresses safely below the material yield strength. Electromagnetic simulations further validate the design, demonstrating enhanced coupling between the optical and microwave modes, as well as a broader tuning range achieved with smaller tuner displacements.