# Global Research Trends in Sports Nutrition and Football over the Last 20 Years (2004–2024)

## TL;DR

This study maps 20 years of research on sports nutrition in soccer, showing growth in publications and highlighting key trends and underexplored areas.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive scientometric analysis of sports nutrition research in soccer from 2004 to 2024.

## Key findings

- There was a 1.450% annual increase in publications, with a peak in 2024.
- Recent studies focused on low energy availability, polyphenols, and recovery strategies.
- Underexplored topics include oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant markers.

## Abstract

Background: We aimed to map the scientific production on sports nutrition applied to soccer. Methods: A scientometric analysis was performed using articles published between 2004 and 2024, retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. The search yielded 2636 documents, and 526 original articles were included after removing reviews, meta-analyses, duplicates, and studies outside the scope. Data were analyzed using Bibliometrix version 5.0.1; Massimo Aria & Corrado Cuccurullo; Naples; Italy. and VOSviewer version 1.6.20; Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS), Leiden University; Leiden; The Netherlands software. Results: There was a 1.450% increase in publications over the period, with a peak in 2024. Nutrients was the leading publication source, while Morton J. and Maughan R. were the most productive authors. Liverpool John Moores University stood out as a collaboration hub. The United Kingdom 371 took the lead in both publication volume and citations. Early research trends focused on hydration and dietary optimization, whereas recent studies emphasized low energy availability, polyphenols, anthropometry, and recovery strategies. The conceptual structure focused on terms such as sports, nutrition, energy intake, food intake, performance, soccer, and training load. Peripheral terms included fluid balance and sweat rate. The co-occurrence analysis revealed underexplored topics such as oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, beta-alanine supplementation, and antioxidant markers. Conclusions: Advancing these research areas is essential to consolidating nutritional strategies with direct effects on performance and health in soccer players.