# Removal Efficiency and Mechanism for Cl− from Strongly Acidic Wastewater by VC-Assisted Cu2O: Comparison Between Synthesis Methods

## TL;DR

This study introduces a new method using Cu2O and ascorbic acid to efficiently remove chloride ions from strongly acidic wastewater.

## Contribution

The novel use of VC-assisted Cu2O for enhanced Cl− removal in acidic conditions is presented.

## Key findings

- Liquid-phase reduction was identified as the optimal Cu2O synthesis method.
- VC significantly improved Cl− removal efficiency by inhibiting Cu+ side reactions.
- Cl− residual concentration decreased from 88.4 to 53.8 mg/L with VC assistance.

## Abstract

The discharge of strongly acidic industrial wastewater containing high concentration of chloride ions (Cl−) has become one of the major environmental challenges faced globally. For the removal of extremely stable Cl− in acidic aqueous conditions, precipitation method possesses major advantages of strong adaptability and simple operation. This study proposed a novel cuprous oxide (Cu2O) method assisted by ascorbic acid (VC) for the removal of Cl− from strongly acidic wastewater. First, liquid-phase reduction was chosen as the optimal Cu2O synthesis method based on product purity and composition. Then, parameter optimization results show that increased reagent dosage and acidity significantly enhanced Cl− removal efficiency, while other factors had negligible impacts. After treatment with the sole addition of Cu2O, the dosed Cu2O existed in four forms, including cuprous chloride (CuCl), copper ion (Cu2+), elemental copper (Cu0), and Cu2O, among which the generation of Cu2+ and Cu0, through the oxidation and disproportionation of cuprous ion (Cu+), served as the main reason for the unsatisfactory efficiency in the removal of Cl−. Fortunately, VC is precisely capable of inhibiting the side reactions of Cu+, and under the assistance of 0.10 g VC, the removal of Cl− by Cu2O was greatly improved with the multiple of theoretical reagent dosage decreasing from 12 to 3, the residual concentration of Cu2+ decreasing from 1197 to 18.4 mg/L and the residual concentration of Cl− decreasing from 88.4 to 53.8 mg/L, thus validating the feasibility of this method.