# Probing a CNN–BiLSTM–Attention-Based Approach to Solve Order Remaining Completion Time Prediction in a Manufacturing Workshop

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a deep learning model combining CNN, BiLSTM, and attention mechanisms to accurately predict remaining order completion times in manufacturing workshops.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is a CNN–BiLSTM–Attention model that improves prediction accuracy and stability for dynamic manufacturing environments.

## Key findings

- The proposed model outperforms existing approaches in predicting order completion times.
- The model effectively handles temporal and structural complexity in workshop data.
- Validation on real production data shows strong potential for intelligent production systems.

## Abstract

Manufacturing workshops operate in dynamic and complex environments, where multiple orders are processed simultaneously through interdependent stages. This complexity makes it challenging to accurately predict the remaining completion time of ongoing orders. To address this issue, this paper proposes a data-driven prediction approach that analyzes key features extracted from multi-source manufacturing data. The method involves collecting heterogeneous production data, constructing a comprehensive feature dataset, and applying feature analysis to identify critical influencing factors. Furthermore, a deep learning optimization model based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)–Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM)–Attention architecture is designed to handle the temporal and structural complexity of workshop data. The model integrates spatial feature extraction, temporal sequence modeling, and adaptive attention-based refinement to improve prediction accuracy. This unified framework enables the model to learn hierarchical representations, focus on salient temporal features, and deliver accurate and robust predictions. The proposed deep learning predictive model is validated on real production data collected from a discrete manufacturing workshop equipped with typical machines. Comparative experiments with other predictive models demonstrate that the CNN–BiLSTM–Attention model outperforms existing approaches in both accuracy and stability for predicting order remaining completion time, offering strong potential for deployment in intelligent production systems.