# Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Phytochemicals Extracted from Aqueous Clerodendrum glabrum for Anti-Diabetes and Anti-Inflammatory Activity: An In Vitro Study

## TL;DR

This study explores using plant extract to create silver nanoparticles with potential to treat diabetes and inflammation.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a green method to synthesize silver nanoparticles using Clerodendrum glabrum extract for anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory applications.

## Key findings

- CG-Ag NPs inhibited 93.3% of α-amylase at 6.25 µg/mL and 99.25% of α-glucosidase at 0.95 µg/mL.
- The nanoparticles scavenged 96.58% of nitric oxide at 250 µg/mL.
- HR-TEM showed CG-Ag NPs with sizes of 16 nm and 35 nm depending on extract concentration.

## Abstract

This study synthesised silver nanoparticles using an aqueous extract from Clerodendrum glabrum and investigated their potential anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activity. Diabetes and inflammation are conditions affecting millions worldwide, and the current medications result in side effects. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesised using C. glabrum aqueous extract. Nanoparticles were characterised using ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). CG-Ag nanoparticles (CG-Ag NPs) were further evaluated for their nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity; inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and hyaluronidase enzymes; and cytotoxic potential. HR-TEM revealed CG-Ag NPs with an average particle size of 16 nm for 10 mg of plant extract, while 40 mg produced 35 nm, and EDS confirmed the presence of silver elements. The synthesised CG-Ag NPs showed good anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting 93.3% of α-amylase at 6.25 µg/mL, 99.25% of α-glucosidase at 0.95 µg/mL, and 79.6% of hyaluronidase at 100 µg/mL. The NPs also scavenged 96.58% of NO at 250 µg/mL. These results suggest that C. glabrum aqueous extract is a green resource for the eco-friendly synthesis of Ag NPs and can potentially be utilised as a therapeutic agent for managing diabetes and inflammation.