# Scalable Biosynthesis and Recovery of Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate Produced from Cotton-Derived Glucose by Cupriavidus necator

## TL;DR

This study shows that P3HB, a biodegradable polymer, can be sustainably produced from cotton-derived glucose using bacteria, offering a scalable alternative to petroleum-based plastics.

## Contribution

A scalable method for producing P3HB from cotton-derived glucose using a single-solvent extraction is developed and evaluated.

## Key findings

- Cotton-derived glucose produced more P3HB than commercial glucose.
- Cotton-derived P3HB had similar thermal properties to commercial glucose-derived P3HB.
- The crystallinity of cotton-derived P3HB was slightly lower than literature values.

## Abstract

To combat the growing issue of petroleum plastic waste, alternative bio-based polymers are being developed. Many of these biopolymers are made from bio-derived materials, or are biodegradable, but the most promising polymers fall in both categories. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are one such class of polymers, and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB), the most popular PHA, has shown great potential. This study utilized two types of cotton-derived glucose, alongside commercial glucose, as a feedstock for the biosynthesis of P3HB by Cupriavidus necator (also known as Ralstonia eutropha). The fermentation took place in a 2-L bioreactor, showing potential for scale-up. A single-solvent extraction method was created and utilized to reduce process complexity and chemical consumption of the polymer extraction. Both cotton-derived glucoses were shown to produce more P3HB than commercial glucose. The resulting P3HB samples were compared to each other and to the literature based on polymer yield and thermal characteristics. While all samples averaged a smaller yield than seen in the literature (indicating the need for optimization of the bacterial growth and metabolism with a growth curve in our future work), the cotton-derived glucose was shown to yield more P3HB than commercial glucose. Further, cotton-derived P3HB had very similar thermal properties to the commercial glucose-derived P3HB (and to values from the literature) with onset of thermal degradation ranging from 185 °C to 263 °C, cold crystallization temperatures ranging from 24 °C to 28 °C, and melting temperatures ranging from 147 °C to 151 °C. Lastly, all samples were shown to have a similar percentage crystallinity, ranging from 38% to 45%, which is slightly lower than that reported in the literature. P3HB made from cotton-derived glucose was shown to have potential as a scalable, sustainable alternative process.