# Wet Grip Performance Evaluation Method of All-Steel Radial Tires Based on Braking Force Coefficient

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new method to evaluate the wet grip performance of all-steel radial tires using lab tests and simulations.

## Contribution

A novel integrated method combining lab tests and finite element simulations to evaluate tire braking force coefficient on wet surfaces.

## Key findings

- The simulation results matched experimental data with a 7.14% BFC error, confirming model reliability.
- Wet grip performance was significantly lower on wet concrete compared to wet asphalt surfaces.
- BFC increased with braking slip ratio but decreased slightly with higher tire inflation pressure.

## Abstract

Tires are composed of various rubber polymers and reinforcing carcasses, and their wet skid resistance is influenced by the coupled effects of multiple factors. The braking force coefficient (BFC) is the primary performance indicator for evaluating tire wet skid resistance. This study proposes a novel method for evaluating the BFC of tires by integrating laboratory-simulated wet road tests with finite element simulations. A 295/60R22.5 all-steel radial tire was selected as the test object, and the simulation results showed good agreement with the experimental data, with a BFC error of 7.14%. This consistency confirms the reliability and accuracy of the proposed model in predicting tire wet grip performance. This study also investigated the effects of different working conditions of the tested tire on the BFC. The results showed that the wet grip performance of the tire on wet concrete surfaces was significantly lower than that on wet asphalt surfaces. Specifically, the BFC increased with the increase in braking slip ratio, decreased slightly with the rise in tire inflation pressure, and exhibited relatively low sensitivity to vertical load variations. All these results demonstrate that this integrated evaluation method provides targeted guidance for the mechanical performance optimization of tire tread rubber composites.