# Exploring Eco-Friendly Microbial Strategies for Nosemosis Control in Honeybee

## TL;DR

This paper explores eco-friendly microbial solutions to control nosemosis in honeybees, offering a sustainable alternative to banned or ineffective treatments.

## Contribution

The study introduces novel microbial and genetically engineered strategies for nosemosis control, including probiotics and RNA interference.

## Key findings

- Beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus and Enterococcus faecium can reduce spore levels in honeybee intestines.
- Genetically modified gut bacteria may target Nosema genes through RNA interference.
- Microbial treatments show promise as safe and adaptable alternatives to conventional nosemosis therapies.

## Abstract

Nosemosis is an intestinal infection caused by intracellular fungal organisms from the Vairimorpha (formerly Nosema) group, which seriously harms honeybee colonies and is a factor in their worldwide decline. With the ban on fumagillin use in European apiculture and the limitations of conventional treatments, it is essential to identify sustainable alternative solutions. This study presents new environmentally friendly microbe-based strategies to prevent and treat infection, focusing on probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, and mixes with plant extracts, as well as suggesting a new approach for the future. This review discusses the latest results based on using beneficial bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus and Enterococcus faecium) and their byproducts to decrease the spore levels and modulate the gut bacteria pattern. Moreover, innovative approaches, such as genetically engineered gut bacteria to target pathogen gene expression through RNA interference, have been mentioned. Although results vary depending on microbial strain, delivery method, season, and ecological context, microbial treatments represent a promising, safe, and adaptable alternative for modern apiculture. The paper is necessary to validate these strategies’ real-world efficacy and to develop standardized microbial formulations suitable for practical implementation by beekeepers.