# Research on a Phase-Shift-Based Discontinuous PWM Method for 24V Onboard Thermally Limited Micro Voltage Source Inverters

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new discontinuous PWM method for 24V onboard inverters to improve efficiency and reduce heat in small, thermally limited devices.

## Contribution

A generalized DPWM method with adjustable phase shift angle for optimal efficiency across varying power factors in micro inverters.

## Key findings

- The proposed DPWM method improves inverter efficiency by 3–6% under different power factors.
- Switching losses are reduced by 40–50% using the new DPWM method.
- The method dynamically adjusts to power factor changes and performs well in transition states.

## Abstract

This research explores a phase-shift-based discontinuous PWM method used for 24 V battery-powered onboard micro inverters, which are critical for thermally limited applications like micromachines, where efficient heat dissipation and compact size are paramount. Discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) reduces switching losses by clamping the phase voltage to the DC bus in order to improve inverter efficiency. Due to the change in power factor at different operating points from motors or the inductor load, the use of only one DPWM method cannot achieve the optimal efficiency of a three-phase voltage source inverter (3ph-VSI). This paper proposes a generalized DPWM method with a continuously adjustable phase shift angle, which extends the six traditional DPWM methods to any type. According to different power factors, the proposed DPWM method is divided into five power factor angle intervals, namely [−90°, −60°], [−60°, −30°], [−30°, 30°], [30°, 60°], and [60°, 90°], and automatically adjusts the phase shift angle to the optimal-efficiency DPWM mode. The power factor is calculated by means of the Synchronous Reference Frame Phase-Locked Loop (SRF-PLL) method. The switching losses and harmonic characteristics of the proposed DPWM are analyzed, and finally, a 24 V onboard 3ph-VSI experimental platform is built. The experimental results show that the efficiency of DPWM methods can be improved by 3–6% and the switching loss can be reduced by 40–50% under different power factors. At the same time, the dynamic performance of the proposed algorithm with a transition state is verified. This method is particularly suitable for miniaturized inverters where efficiency and thermal management are critical.