# Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Hydroformylation at Metal–Oxide Interfaces

## TL;DR

This paper reviews recent progress in using rhodium-based catalysts on oxide surfaces for industrial aldehyde production, focusing on sustainability and reusability.

## Contribution

The paper provides a focused review on recent heterogeneous hydroformylation catalysts, particularly rhodium-based systems on oxide supports.

## Key findings

- Homogeneous catalysts are effective but hard to recover, prompting interest in heterogeneous alternatives.
- Rhodium-based systems on oxide supports show promise for sustainable and reusable hydroformylation.
- Emerging strategies aim to improve the performance and stability of heterogeneous catalysts.

## Abstract

This article reviews recent advances in heterogeneous hydroformylation, with a particular focus on rhodium-based catalysts supported on oxide surfaces. The hydroformylation reaction is a vital industrial process for producing aldehydes from petrochemicals. This reaction involves the addition of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) to alkenes, resulting in the formation of aldehydes. Aldehydes serve as essential building blocks for various downstream products in the chemical industry, including alcohols, esters, and amines. Although homogeneous catalysts such as rhodium complexes coordinated with phosphorus-based ligands (e.g., [RhCl(PPh3)3]) are highly active and selective, their separation and recovery remain significant challenges. This has fueled growing interest in the development of heterogeneous catalysts, which offer advantages in terms of sustainability, reusability, and catalyst recovery. This review highlights recent progress in the design of heterogeneous hydroformylation catalysts, with emphasis on rhodium-based systems on oxide supports. Key challenges and emerging strategies for enhancing catalytic performance and stability are also discussed.