# Influence and Mechanism of Azodicarbonamide Expansive Agent on the Workability, Mechanical Strength and Plastic Shrinkage of UHPC

## TL;DR

This study explores how adding azodicarbonamide to ultra-high-performance concrete improves workability and reduces shrinkage but lowers strength.

## Contribution

The novel use of azodicarbonamide as an expansive agent to mitigate plastic shrinkage in UHPC is introduced and analyzed.

## Key findings

- ADC increases UHPC fluidity and setting time while reducing density and strength.
- ADC mitigates early shrinkage and increases vertical expansion within 24 hours.
- ADC creates micropores in UHPC, reducing hydrate compactness and increasing porosity.

## Abstract

This study introduces an innovative approach to addressing the plastic shrinkage of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) using an azodicarbonamide (ADC) expansive agent. The influence of ADC on the workability, mechanical properties, and plastic shrinkage of UHPC were systematically investigated. The findings reveal that the addition of ADC generates a substantial number of bubbles within the UHPC slurry, thereby reducing internal frictional resistance and cohesion of the mixture. Consequently, the fluidity and setting time of UHPC were enhanced to varying degrees with increasing ADC content. However, the introduction of these bubbles also reduced the density, leading to a noticeable decline in both compressive and flexural strength, particularly at later stages. Notably, ADC effectively mitigated early shrinkage and increased the vertical expansion rate within the first 24 h. When the ADC dosage ranged from 0.04% to 0.1%, the UHPC remained in an expanded state within 24 h, with a notable difference in expansion rate exceeding 0.02% from 3 to 24 h. Microstructural and pore structure analysis revealed that the ADC generated considerable gas during the mixing process, forming numerous micropores within the UHPC matrix. These dispersed pores contributed to reduced compactness of the UHPC hydrates, resulting in increased pore area, porosity, and average pore diameter.