# Innate Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Selected Autoimmune Neurological Diseases

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how the body's innate immune system contributes to several autoimmune neurological diseases and how targeting these immune components could help treat them.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of the role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis and treatment of selected autoimmune neurological diseases.

## Key findings

- Innate immune elements are involved in the initiation and maintenance of inflammation in autoimmune neurological diseases.
- Targeted therapies affecting innate immune components may offer clinical benefits in these diseases.

## Abstract

The human immune system consists of two main components: innate and adaptive immunity. To date, research on the pathogenesis of autoimmune neurological diseases has primarily focused on the role of adaptive immunity. However, growing evidence highlights the significant contribution of innate immune mechanisms in the development of neurological disorders. The aim of this article is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the involvement of innate immunity in the pathogenesis and treatment of selected autoimmune neurological diseases: multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), myasthenia gravis (MG), and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). A literature review was conducted, including both experimental and clinical data on the activity of innate immune effector cells—such as dendritic cells, macrophages, microglia, and natural killer (NK) cells—as well as plasma proteins, including the complement system. Relevant clinical and preclinical studies on targeted therapies affecting these components were also identified. All analyzed diseases demonstrate the involvement of innate immune elements in the initiation and maintenance of the inflammatory process. Furthermore, it has been shown that therapies targeting these components may offer clinical benefits.