# Synergistic Attraction and Ecological Effects of Multi-Source Physical and Chemical Trapping Methods with Different Mechanism Combinations on Rice Pests

## TL;DR

This study explores how combining different trapping methods helps monitor and control rice pests more effectively.

## Contribution

The study introduces a multi-source trapping method combining color, pheromones, and light to synergistically attract multiple rice pests.

## Key findings

- A light-transmitting three-combination trapping method effectively captures multiple rice pests with synergistic effects.
- The method has a low benefit-harm ratio and is less affected by non-target flies.
- Cnaphalocrocis medinalis is repelled by ultraviolet lamps and transmitting covers, suggesting a different trapping approach for it.

## Abstract

The use of accurate and efficient monitoring methods to detect and grasp insect situations early is the basis and prerequisite for scientific and effective integrated pest management (IPM). For the main rice pests, we used a multi-source physical and chemical trapping method based on different mechanism combinations such as color plates, insect sex pheromones, transmitting (shielding) light covers, and solar-powered automatic insect-attracting ultraviolet lamps. This study evaluated the synergistic attracting effects and ecological impacts of different methods on major rice pests, as well as screened and provided monitoring methods suitable for major rice pests, and the positive synergistic effects and negative effects of attracting methods based on different mechanism combinations on pest attraction, and then adopted accurate and efficient pest monitoring methods and strategies in production, which is conducive to improving the effectiveness of integrated crop pest management.

Comparative experiments on trapping major rice pests using different methods showed that a light-transmitting three-combination trapping method, using different combinations of color plates + insect sex pheromones + transmitting (shielding) light covers + solar-powered automatic insect-attracting ultraviolet lamps, demonstrated significant positive attraction and synergistic effects on the simultaneous capture of multiple pests, including rice Sogatella furcifera, Laodelphax striatellus, Chilo suppressalis, and Sesamia inferens and rice leafhoppers, Sitobion miscanthi, Cnaphalocrocis exigua, Parnara guttata, and Naranga aenescens. In addition, the light-transmitting three-combination trapping method has a low benefit-harm ratio and is not easily disturbed by non-target flies (Muscadomestica). The ultraviolet light and transmitting cover in the device had a negative effect on attracting the Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, resulting in a highly significant or significant decrease in its capture rate. The results also showed that the light-shielding double-combination trapping method, which lacks ultraviolet lamp waves and transmitting covers, had no significant difference in the capture rate and insect benefit-harm ratio of C. medinalis adults compared with the glue-type sex lure method, confirming that C. medinalis has a significant negative tendency characteristic to ultraviolet lamp waves and transmitting covers. Therefore, the light-shielding double-combination trapping method using color plates and insect sex pheromones is recommended for monitoring the weakly phototactic C. medinalis. The light-transmitting three-combination trapping method is preferred for the simultaneous capture of multiple major rice pests besides C. medinalis. This study provides a scientific basis for the rational and effective application of multi-source physical and chemical trapping for monitoring and pest control of major crop pests.