# Association of Bruxism with the Occurrence of Sleep Disorders and the Nature of Dreams

## TL;DR

This study explores how bruxism, or teeth grinding, is linked to sleep disorders and specific types of dreams, suggesting a connection between these conditions.

## Contribution

The study identifies new correlations between bruxism severity and insomnia, parasomnias, and dreams related to the mouth and teeth.

## Key findings

- Moderate and severe bruxism is strongly associated with more frequent and intense insomnia symptoms.
- Bruxism is correlated with parasomnias and dreams involving the oral cavity and teeth.
- Physical dreams show the strongest association with bruxism.

## Abstract

Background: Bruxism is defined as repetitive activity of the masticatory muscles characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or stiffening or protrusion of the mandible, referred to as sleep bruxism or awake bruxism. It is believed that in generally healthy individuals, bruxism should not be considered a disorder, but rather a behavior that may be a risk factor (and/or protective factor) for certain clinical consequences. The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence and strength of the correlation between bruxism and sleep disorders (parasomnias and insomnia), as well as to evaluate the correlation between bruxism and the nature of dreams. Methods: The study involved 276 people aged 18–55. The research was conducted using an online survey in the period from January to March 2022. The author’s own questionnaire was composed of five segments of test questions (basic questions, bruxism severity test, Athens Insomnia Scale, parasomnia test, sleep evaluation test). The respondents were divided into groups based on the severity of bruxism, insomnia, parasomnias and the occurrence of dreams related to the oral cavity and teeth. Statistical analysis included Spearman’s correlation coefficients, chi-square test, Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA, and Mann–Whitney U test. Results: The analysis revealed a significant correlation between the severity of bruxism and insomnia symptoms. Participants with moderate and severe bruxism reported insomnia more frequently and with greater intensity. Similar correlations were observed with parasomnias and the frequency of dreams concerning the oral cavity and teeth. The strongest association with bruxism was found for physical dreams. Moreover, correlations were also noted between insomnia and parasomnias. Conclusions: These findings suggest that individuals experiencing bruxism, particularly sleep bruxism, may be more vulnerable to other sleep disturbances. Addressing one of these conditions could potentially have a beneficial impact on the others.