# Effects of Air Pollution on Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation: Clinical and Public Health Action

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how air pollution affects kidney health and outcomes in dialysis and kidney transplant patients.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of the current understanding of air pollution's impact on kidney disease and transplantation.

## Key findings

- Long-term air pollution exposure increases the risk of chronic kidney disease progressing to kidney replacement therapy.
- Kidney transplant patients are more vulnerable to air pollution's harmful effects, including graft dysfunction and rejection.
- Short-term air pollution exposure's impact on kidney function remains poorly studied.

## Abstract

Air pollution is associated with many adverse health outcomes, including kidney diseases. Kidney diseases, especially chronic kidney disease, are a significant public health issue globally. The burden of kidney disease is expected to rise due to population aging and the growing prevalence of diabetes and hypertension. End-stage kidney disease is associated with significant healthcare costs, morbidity, and mortality. Long-term exposure to air pollution was associated with increased risk for chronic kidney disease progression to kidney replacement therapy. Evidence on the effect of short-term exposure to air pollution on renal function is rather limited. Kidney transplant patients are likely to be even more susceptible to detrimental effects of air pollutants. Exposure to air pollution results in a higher risk for delayed graft function, acute rejection, and mortality. In this review we would like to summarize the state of knowledge on the influence of air pollution on outcomes in end-stage kidney failure and kidney transplantation.